饮食和充血性心力衰竭
充血性心力衰竭(CHF) occurs when the heart does not pump efficiently and does not deliver enough oxygen to your body. Many diseases lead to CHF, such as high blood pressure and diseases of the heart and kidney.
Treatment for CHF helps to prevent its complications and relieve its symptoms.
The heart does not have to work as hard when you make some changes in your diet. 如果你吃太多盐或喝太多液体, your body's water content may increase and make your heart work harder. 这会加重你的CHF. The following diet will help decrease some of your symptoms.
减少饮食中的盐
享受你所吃的是很重要的. Even if you crave salt you can learn to like foods that are lower in salt. Your taste buds will change soon, and you will not miss the salt. Removing salt can bring out flavors that may have been hidden by the salt.
Reduce the salt content in your diet by trying the following suggestions:
- 选择大量的新鲜水果和蔬菜. 它们只含有少量的盐.
- 选择低盐的食物, such as fresh meats, poultry, fish, dry and fresh legumes, eggs, milk and yogurt. 普通米饭、意大利面和燕麦片都是很好的低钠选择. However, the sodium content can increase if salt or other high-sodium ingredients are added during their preparation.
- Season with herbs, spices, herbed vinegar and fruit juices. 避免含有盐或钠的草药或香料混合物. Use lemon juice or fresh ground pepper to accent natural flavors. Try orange or pineapple juice as a base for meat marinades. 参见下面的“无盐草本混合物”,了解其他想法.
- 在购买包装食品前阅读食品标签. Check the nutrition facts on the label for sodium content per serving. 找出包装里的份数. How does the sodium in each serving compare to the total sodium you can eat each day? Try to pick packaged foods with a sodium content less than 350 milligrams for each serving. 检查一下配料表也很有用. If salt or sodium is listed in the first five ingredients, it is too high in sodium.
检查标签时:
使用包装食品上的营养信息. 一定要注意每个容器的份量. 下面是使用这些信息的提示.
- Nutrient List 这份清单涵盖了对你的健康最重要的营养素.
- % Daily Value This number shows how foods meet recommended nutrient intake levels for a 2,000卡路里参考饮食. Try to eat no more than 100 percent of total fat, cholesterol and sodium.
- 每日摄入量 Some food labels list daily values for 2,000 and 2,500 calorie daily diets.
- 每克卡路里 Some labels give the approximate number of calories in a gram of fat, carbohydrate and protein.
- Sodium Content 经常检查钠的含量. Look for foods with a sodium content less than 350 milligrams for each serving.
烹饪或准备食物时:
- Shake the habit. Remove the salt shaker from the kitchen counter and table. A 1/8 teaspoon "salt shake" adds more than 250 milligrams of sodium to your dish.
- Be creative. Instead of adding salt, spark up the flavor with herbs and spices, garlic, onions and citrus juices. 请参阅下面的无盐草药混合物食谱.
- 做一个低盐厨师. In most recipes, you can cut back on salt by 50 percent or even eliminate it altogether. You can bake, broil, grill, roast, poach, steam or microwave foods without salt. Skip the urge to add salt to cooking water for pasta, rice, cereal and vegetables. 这是一种减少钠摄入量的简单方法.
- 小心调料. 高钠调味品包括各种调味盐, lemon pepper, garlic salt, onion salt, 肉类嫩化剂, 风味增强剂, bouillon cubes, catsup, mustard, 牛排酱和酱油.
- 远离隐藏的盐. 罐头和加工食品, such as gravies, instant cereal, 包装好的面条和土豆粉, olives, pickles, 汤和蔬菜的含盐量很高. Choose the frozen item instead; or better yet, choose fresh foods when you can. Cheeses, 腌肉(如熏肉, bologna, 热狗和香肠), fast foods and frozen foods also may contain a lot of sodium.
外出就餐时:
A low-sodium diet does not need to spoil the pleasure of a restaurant meal. 不过,你点餐的时候一定要小心. 这里有一些外出就餐的建议:
- 把盐瓶移到另一张桌子上. Ask for a lemon wedge or bring your own herb blend to enhance the food's flavor.
- Recognize menu terms that may indicate a high sodium content腌的、果汁的、酱油的或肉汤的.
- Select raw vegetables or fresh fruit rather than salty snacks.
- 少放调味品 比如芥末、番茄酱、泡菜和鞑靼酱. 选择生菜、洋葱和西红柿. 记住,培根和奶酪的钠含量很高.
- Request that the cook prepare foods without adding salt or MSG. Or ask for sauces and salad dressings on the side since they are often high in sodium. For a salad, use a twist of lemon, a splash of vinegar or a light drizzle of dressing.
无盐香草混合物
而不是用盐给食物调味, enhance the flavor of food with these salt-free herb and spice combinations. 要做1/2杯,把配料混合在一个罐子里. 盖紧并摇晃. 保存在阴凉干燥的地方. 然后将它们摩擦或撒在食物上调味.
Chinese 5-Spice
鸡肉、鱼肉或猪肉:
- 1/4杯姜粉
- 肉桂粉和丁香粉各2汤匙
- 各一汤匙:磨碎的多香果,茴香籽
混合药草
For salads, pasta salads, steamed vegetables, vegetable soup or fish:
- 1/4杯干欧芹片
- 两汤匙干龙蒿
- 1 tablespoon of each: dried oregano, dill weed, celery flakes
Italian Blend
For tomato-based soups, pasta dishes, chicken, pizza, focaccia and herbed bread:
- 2 tablespoons of each: dried basil, dried marjoram, thyme, crushed dried 迷迭香,红辣椒碎
- 大蒜粉,干牛至各一汤匙
Easy Dip Blend
For mixing with cottage cheese, yogurt, or low-fat sour cream:
- 半杯干莳萝草
- 1 tablespoon of each: dried chives, garlic powder, dried lemon peel and dried chervil
UCSF Health medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.